: Factors that reduce the penalty, such as a lack of intent to commit so grave a wrong.
: Reyes outlines that Philippine criminal law is general (applies to all within the territory), territorial (enforceable within Philippine boundaries), and prospective (cannot punish acts that were legal when committed). revised penal code book 1 luis reyes pdf 14
: Acts that are lawful, such as self-defense, resulting in no criminal or civil liability. : Factors that reduce the penalty, such as